介紹大型航空模型制作結(jié)構(gòu)材料的選擇前，先闡述一下選材的原則。除了那些用于專(zhuān)門(mén)競(jìng)技或科研項(xiàng)目的模型外，航模大都屬于消費(fèi)品范疇，控制制造成本非常重要。特別是進(jìn)行大批量生產(chǎn)時(shí)，選材要易獲取、易加工。

Before introducing the selection of structural materials for the manufacture of large aviation models, the principles of material selection should be described first. In addition to those models used for special sports or scientific research projects, most aircraft models belong to the category of consumer goods, and it is very important to control manufacturing costs. Especially for mass production, material selection should be easy to obtain and process.

其次，航模對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)重量的控制非常敏感，因此要盡量選擇密度較小的材料，材料密度應(yīng)顯著低于地面及水下交通工具。在確保強(qiáng)度足夠的情況下，要多使用輕薄的板材，并設(shè)計(jì)大量減重孔。固定翼類(lèi)模型的翼展通常在一兩米，尺寸大的可達(dá)四五米甚至更長(zhǎng)。

Secondly, the aircraft model is very sensitive to the control of the weight of the structure, so we should try to select materials with smaller density, and the material density should be significantly lower than that of the ground and underwater vehicles. Under the condition of ensuring sufficient strength, more light and thin plates should be used and a large number of weight reduction holes should be designed. The wingspan of fixed-wing models is usually one or two meters, and the size can reach four or five meters or even longer.

這其中，大多數(shù)模型飛行速度較低，機(jī)翼的展弦比可達(dá)10以上，一些模型滑翔機(jī)的展弦比甚至高達(dá)30以上。這類(lèi)模型結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸很大，通常采用薄壁結(jié)構(gòu)，為保證在空氣動(dòng)力作用下不發(fā)生較大的變形，必須選擇剛度大的材料。

Among them, most models have low flight speed, the aspect ratio of wings can reach more than 10, and some model gliders can even reach more than 30. This type of model has a large structure size and usually adopts a thin-walled structure. In order to ensure that no large deformation occurs under the aerodynamic action, the material with large stiffness must be selected.

受航模制造條件和使用范圍所限，在選材過(guò)程中，除上述要求外，在科研或比賽中使用的各類(lèi)航模，因用途不同、級(jí)別不同，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)材料的要求也不同。從用途上分，有教練機(jī)、滑翔機(jī)、特技機(jī)、競(jìng)速機(jī)、載重飛機(jī)等;從動(dòng)力上分，有電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、活塞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、渦噴發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)、太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)（終也由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)）等。

Limited by the manufacturing conditions and scope of use of aircraft models, in addition to the above requirements, various aircraft models used in scientific research or competition have different requirements for structural materials due to different purposes and levels. In terms of use, there are trainer aircraft, glider, stunt aircraft, racing aircraft, heavy aircraft, etc; In terms of power, there are electric motor drive, piston engine drive, turbojet engine drive, solar energy drive (also driven by electric motor eventually), etc.

這些模型對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)材料提出的要求都有差別。例如，與由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的航模不同，采用活塞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的航模須考慮諧振及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)安裝等問(wèn)題，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)材料抗震性能的要求較高，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的固定也要進(jìn)行額外的加強(qiáng)處理，需配套安裝包括諧振管、油箱等一系列組件。

These models have different requirements for structural materials. For example, unlike the aircraft model driven by the motor, the aircraft model driven by the piston engine must consider the problems of resonance and engine installation. The requirements for the seismic performance of the structural materials are high. The fixing of the engine also needs to be strengthened. A series of components including resonance tube, oil tank and so on need to be installed.

有些模型為了保證可靠性，甚至?xí)陉P(guān)鍵部位安裝角鋁、角鐵等進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)。對(duì)于一些模型滑翔機(jī)，減輕結(jié)構(gòu)重量的要求更突出。為使滑翔距離更遠(yuǎn)、下墜速率更低，在結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度允許的情況下，應(yīng)盡量降低結(jié)構(gòu)重量，如有些模型的機(jī)翼僅保留維持翼型和位置的少量支撐件。更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容就來(lái)我們網(wǎng)站http://m.z4358.cn咨詢(xún)吧！

In order to ensure reliability, some models will even install angle aluminum and angle iron at key parts to strengthen. For some model gliders, the requirement of reducing structural weight is more prominent. In order to make the glide distance longer and the fall rate lower, the structural weight should be reduced as much as possible if the structural strength allows. For example, the wing of some models only retains a small number of supports to maintain the airfoil and the center of gravity position. Come to our website for more relevant content http://m.z4358.cn Ask!