大型航天模型的發(fā)展歷程

The Development History of Large Space Models

　　探索飛行奧秘的工具

A tool for exploring the mysteries of flight

　　人類自古以來(lái)就幻想著飛行。昆蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)禽、風(fēng)吹起樹(shù)葉和上升的炊煙，都曾引起過(guò)人類飛行的遐想。西漢劉安在《淮南子》中記載著后羿的妻子嫦娥偷食了長(zhǎng)生藥而飛上月宮的美妙故事。這反映了古人對(duì)飛行的追求和向往。

Humans have been fantasizing about flying since ancient times. Insects, birds, wind blowing leaves, and rising cooking smoke have all sparked the imagination of human flight. Liu An of the Western Han Dynasty recorded in "Huainanzi" the wonderful story of Hou Yi's wife Chang'e stealing the elixir of immortality and flying to the moon palace. This reflects the ancient people's pursuit and longing for flight.

　　在載人的航空器出現(xiàn)之前，人類就創(chuàng)造了許多能飛行的航空模型，不斷地探索著飛行的奧秘。距今2000多年前的春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，我們的祖先就制作出能飛的木鳥(niǎo)模型?！俄n非子》中記載著：“墨子為木鳶，三年而成，飛一日而敗?！彼纬铠S等人編的《太平御覽》中也有“張衡嘗作木鳥(niǎo)，假以羽翮，腹中施機(jī)，能飛數(shù)里”的記載。另外，還制作出種類繁多的孔明燈、風(fēng)箏和竹蜻蜒等。

Before the emergence of manned aircraft, humans had created many aviation models that could fly, constantly exploring the mysteries of flight. Over 2000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, our ancestors created flying wooden bird models. In "Han Feizi", it is recorded that "Mozi was a wooden kite, completed in three years, but defeated in one day of flight." In the "Taiping Yulan" compiled by Li Yuan and others in the Song Dynasty, there is also a record that "Zhang Heng tried to make a wooden bird, pretended to be a feather and a spear, and could fly several miles with the help of machinery in his belly.". In addition, a wide variety of Kongming lanterns, kites, and bamboo dragonflies were also produced.

　　唐代以后，我國(guó)的風(fēng)箏傳到國(guó)外，在世界上流傳開(kāi)來(lái)。西方有人用風(fēng)箏做飛行試驗(yàn)，探索制造飛機(jī)的可能。美國(guó)的萊特兄弟是世界上第一架飛機(jī)的制造者，他們的飛機(jī)在1903年12月17日試飛成功。他們就是先用大風(fēng)箏進(jìn)行種種試驗(yàn)，然后制造出滑翔機(jī)，解決了升降、平衡、轉(zhuǎn)彎等問(wèn)題，最后才把飛機(jī)制造成功的。

After the Tang Dynasty, Chinese kites were spread abroad and spread around the world. Some people in the West use kites for flight experiments to explore the possibility of manufacturing airplanes. The Wright brothers of the United States were the manufacturers of the world's first airplane, and their plane successfully flew on December 17, 1903. They first conducted various experiments with large kites, then manufactured gliders to solve problems such as lifting, balancing, and turning, and finally succeeded in manufacturing the aircraft.

　　飛機(jī)發(fā)明之前，航空模型具有強(qiáng)烈的探索性質(zhì)，在飛機(jī)發(fā)明之后，航空模型仍然是研究航空科學(xué)的必要工具。每一種新飛機(jī)的試制，都要先在風(fēng)洞里用模型進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，甚至連航天飛機(jī)這樣先進(jìn)的航空器，也要經(jīng)過(guò)模型試驗(yàn)階段，取得必要的數(shù)據(jù)，才能獲得成功。

Before the invention of airplanes, aviation models had strong exploratory properties, and after the invention of airplanes, aviation models remained a necessary tool for studying aviation science. The trial production of every new aircraft requires a model to be tested in a wind tunnel, and even advanced aircraft like space shuttles need to go through the model testing stage to obtain necessary data in order to achieve success.

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